An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current
A short circuit (short) is an accidental low-resistance connection between two nodes of an electrical circuit that are meant to be at different voltages. This results in an excessive electric current limited only by the internal impedance of the current source and potentially causes circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion.
It is common to misuse "short circuit" to describe any electrical malfunction, regardless of the actual problem.
Electric potential (voltage) - the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static electric field.
Electric current - a movement or flow of electrically charged particles.
Electric field - an effect produced by an electric charge that exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.
OHM'S LAW
The rate of the flow of the current is equal to electromotive force divided by resistance.
I = Intensity of Current = Amperes
E = Electromotive Force = Volts
R = Resistance = Ohms
P = Power = Watts
The three basic Ohm's law formulas are:
| SERIES CIRCUITS |
| A SERIES CIRCUIT is a circuit that has only one path through which the electrons may flow. |
| RULE 1: |
The total current in a series circuit is equal to the current in any other part of the circuit.
TOTAL CURRENT IT = I1 = I2 = I3, etc.
|
| RULE 2: |
The total voltage in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the voltages across all parts of the circuit.
TOTAL VOLTAGE ET = E1 + E2 + E3, etc.
|
| RULE 3: |
The total resistance of a series circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of all the parts of the circuit
TOTAL RESISTANCE RT = R1 + R2 + R3, etc.
|
|
| PARALLEL CIRCUITS |
| A PARALLEL CIRCUIT is a circuit that has more than one path through which the electrons may flow. |
| RULE 1: |
The total current in a parallel circuit Is equal to the sum of the currents in all the branches of the circuit.
TOTAL CURRENT IT = I1 + I2 + I3, etc.
|
| RULE 2: |
The total voltage across any branch in parallel is equal to the voltage across any other branch and is also equal to the total voltage.
TOTAL VOLTAGE ET = E1 = E2 = E3, etc.
|
| RULE 3: |
The total resistance of a parallel circuit is found by applying OHM'S LAW to the total values of the circuit.
| TOTAL RESISTANCE = |
TOTAL VOLTAGE |
| TOTAL AMPERES |
|
OR |
|
|
|
U.S. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
| LINEAR MEASURE |
|
|
|
1 |
INCH |
= |
2.540 |
CENTIMETERS |
| 12 |
INCHES |
= |
1 |
FOOT |
= |
3.048 |
DECIMETERS |
| 3 |
FEET |
= |
1 |
YARD |
= |
9.144 |
DECIMETERS |
| 5.5 |
YARDS |
= |
1 |
ROD |
= |
5.029 |
METERS |
| 40 |
RODS |
= |
1 |
FURLONG |
= |
2.018 |
HECTOMETERS |
| 8 |
FURLONGS |
= |
1 |
MILE |
= |
1.609 |
KILOMETERS |
| SQUARE MEASURE |
| 144 |
SQUARE INCHES |
= |
1 |
SQUARE FOOT |
| 9 |
SQUARE FEET |
= |
1 |
SQUARE YARD |
| 30 1/4 |
SQUARE YARDS |
= |
1 |
SQUARE ROD |
| 40 |
RODS |
= |
1 |
ROOD |
| 4 |
ROODS |
= |
1 |
ACRE |
| 640 |
ACRES |
= |
1 |
SQUARE MILE |
| 1 |
SQUARE MILE |
= |
1 |
SECTION |
| 36 |
SECTIONS |
= |
1 |
TOWNSHIP |
| CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE |
| 1 |
CU. FOOT |
= |
1728 |
CU. INCHES |
| 1 |
CU. YARD |
= |
27 |
CU. FEET |
| 1 |
CU. FOOT |
= |
7.48 |
GALLONS |
| 1 |
GALLON (WATER) |
= |
8.34 |
LBS. |
| 1 |
GALLON (U.S.) |
= |
231 |
CU. INCHES OF WATER |
| 1 |
GALLON (IMPERIAL) |
= |
277 1/4 |
CU. INCHES OF WATER |
